Charles I, Duke of Brittany

Charles of Blois (Blois, 1319 – 29 September 1364), claimed the title Duke of Brittany, from 1341 to his death.

Charles is the son of Guy I of Blois-Châtillon, count of Blois, by Margaret of Valois, a sister of king Philip VI of France. He was a devout man, who took piety to the extreme of mortifying his own flesh. It is said that he placed pebbles in his shoes, wore ropes tight with knots near his flesh and confessed every night in fear of sleeping in a state of sin. He was nevertheless an accomplished military leader, who inspired loyalty by his religious fervour.

On 4 June 1337 in Paris, he married Joanna of Dreux, heiress and niece of duke John III. Together, Charles and Joanna fought the House of Montfort in the Breton War of Succession (1341–1364), with the support of the crown of France. Despite his piety, Charles did not hesitate in ordering the massacre of 2000 civilians after the siege of Quimper. After initial successes, Charles was taken prisoner by the English in 1347. Thomas Dagworth was the official captor of Charles of Blois.^[1] He was released nine years afterwards against a ransom of about half a million ecús, and resumed the war against the Montforts.

Charles died in the Battle of Auray which determined the end of the war and the victory of the Montforts. He was canonized as saint for his devotion to religion, but the process was made null by Pope Gregory XI by request of Duke John V of Brittany. Subsequently, in 1904, he was beatified.

By his marriage to Joanna, he had five children:

• John I of Blois-Châtillon (1340–1404)
• Guy
• Henry (d. 1400)
• Marie (1345–1404), Lady of Guise, married in 1360 Louis I of Naples
• Marguerite, married in 1351 Charles de la Cerda (d. 1354)

See also

• Dukes of Brittany family tree

References